Case Studies: Fandom

How Charli XCX leveraged the hyperpop scene into a global movement

Hyperpop music emerged in the 2010s, led by producer A.G. Cook, his record label PC Music, and its particular style of exaggerated, self-referential pop. From the start, though, hyperpop was always more than a music genre. It was catalysed by backlash to consumerism and late-stage capitalism, which shaped everything from the sound of the music to t...

Grimes leans into fan creativity with Elf.Tech

Grimes leans into fan creativity with Elf.Tech When artificial intelligence (AI)-generated songs mimicking the vocals of real artists began circulating the internet in spring 2023, the music industry’s immediate response was fear. Understandably so — it is difficult to discern these so-called ‘deepfakes’ from artists’ authentic releases, ...

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